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P0173 — Fuel Trim Bank 2

Generic OBD-II · all makesPowertrain (engine & transmission)

P0173 means the fuel trim for cylinder bank 2 is outside the normal range, indicating the PCM is adding too much or too little fuel to keep the air‑fuel ratio at the target. This is usually triggered when the long‑term fuel trim exceeds a threshold (often ±25%).

Symptoms

What causes it — most likely first

1. Intake vacuum leak

Leaks in the intake manifold gasket, vacuum hoses, or PCV system allow unmetered air to enter, causing the PCM to increase fuel trim on bank 2.

2. Faulty or dirty Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor

If the MAF sensor underreports airflow, the PCM adds excess fuel; if it overreports, it may cut fuel, both leading to out‑of‑range trim.

3. Fuel delivery problem (low pressure, clogged filter, weak pump)

Insufficient fuel pressure or flow makes the PCM raise fuel trim to compensate, especially noticeable on one bank if the fuel rail or injector circuit is asymmetrical.

4. Leaking or stuck fuel injector on bank 2

An injector that drips or fails to open properly changes the actual fuel delivered, causing the PCM to adjust trim beyond limits.

5. Failed upstream or downstream O₂ sensor (bank 2)

A sluggish or biased oxygen sensor gives incorrect feedback, prompting the PCM to apply excessive fuel correction.

6. PCM/ECM software or hardware fault

While rare, a corrupted fuel‑trim table or internal PCM fault can cause erroneous trim values; this is considered only after all other causes are ruled out.

How it's diagnosed

  1. Scan for additional codes and review freeze‑frame data to see conditions when P0173 set.
  2. Monitor live short‑term and long‑term fuel trims for bank 2; note if they are consistently high (lean) or low (rich).
  3. Perform a visual inspection and, if possible, a smoke test or carb‑cleaner spray to locate intake vacuum leaks.
  4. Check MAF sensor output (voltage or frequency) against known good values at idle and under load; clean or replace if out of spec.
  5. Measure fuel pressure at the rail and compare to manufacturer specifications; inspect fuel filter and pump performance.
  6. Test the upstream and downstream O₂ sensors for proper switching and response time; replace if lazy or stuck.
  7. If all mechanical and sensor checks are normal, consider checking for PCM software updates or, as a last resort, PCM replacement.

Code facts & related codes

SystemPowertrain (engine & transmission)
StandardizationSAE generic — identical on every make

Frequently asked

Is it common to replace the PCM for a P0173 code?

No. The PCM is rarely the root cause; most P0173 cases stem from vacuum leaks, MAF sensor issues, fuel delivery problems, or faulty injectors/O₂ sensors. PCM replacement should only be considered after those components have been verified good.

Can I keep driving with a P0173 code?

Driving is possible for short distances, but the incorrect fuel mixture can lead to poor performance, increased emissions, and potential catalyst damage. It is advisable to diagnose and repair the issue promptly.

Does P0173 only affect bank 2, or could bank 1 also be involved?

P0173 specifically refers to bank 2. If bank 1 shows similar symptoms, a separate code (P0171/P0172) would likely appear. However, a global issue like a faulty MAF sensor can affect both banks and may set codes on each side.

Will clearing the code fix the problem?

Clearing the code only turns off the Check Engine Light; if the underlying fault remains, the code will return once the PCM detects the fuel trim out of range again.