HomeTrouble CodesP1391

P1391 — Glow Plug Circuit Low Input Bank 1

Manufacturer-specificPowertrain (engine & transmission)

The P1391 code indicates that the engine control module has detected a voltage input below the normal threshold in the Bank 1 glow plug circuit. This typically means the circuit is not receiving the expected current to heat the combustion chambers for a cold start.

Symptoms

What causes it — most likely first

1. Failed Glow Plug

An open circuit or internal failure in one or more glow plugs prevents the circuit from maintaining the required voltage.

2. Wiring Damage

Corroded connectors, frayed wires, or broken circuits between the relay and the glow plugs can cause low voltage input.

3. Faulty Glow Plug Relay

A failing relay or control module may not be delivering the full battery voltage to the glow plug bus bar.

4. Blown Fuse

A blown fuse in the glow plug circuit will completely interrupt power, resulting in a low input signal.

5. Engine Control Module (ECM)

An internal failure in the ECM's monitoring circuit may incorrectly report low voltage.

How it's diagnosed

  1. Check the glow plug system fuses for continuity.
  2. Inspect all electrical connectors and wiring harnesses for corrosion, melting, or breaks.
  3. Measure the resistance of each glow plug using a multimeter to identify open circuits.
  4. Verify that the glow plug relay is supplying the correct voltage to the circuit during the heating cycle.
  5. Perform a voltage drop test on the circuit to identify high-resistance connections.

Code facts & related codes

SystemPowertrain (engine & transmission)
StandardizationManufacturer-specific (P1/B1/C1/U1)

Frequently asked

Will the vehicle still run with a P1391 code?

Yes, the vehicle will generally run, but it will be significantly harder to start when the engine is cold.

Do I need to replace all the glow plugs if one is bad?

While only one may be failed, glow plugs often wear out at similar rates; however, the code only requires the failed component to be addressed.

Is it common for the ECM to be the cause of this code?

No. While some may suggest replacing the ECM, P1391 is almost always caused by a failed glow plug, wiring issue, or relay failure.